Scheduled Monument: BELL LOW BOWL BARROW (1008001)

REASONS FOR DESIGNATION Bowl barrows, the most numerous form of round barrow, are funerary monuments dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Late Bronze Age, with most examples belonging to the period 2400-1500 BC. They were constructed as earthen or rubble mounds, sometimes ditched, which covered single or multiple burials. They occur either in isolation or grouped as cemeteries and often acted as a focus for burials in later periods. Often superficially similar, although differing widely in size, they exhibit regional variations in form and a diversity of burial practices. There are over 10,000 surviving bowl barrows recorded nationally (many more have already been destroyed), occurring across most of lowland Britain. Often occupying prominent locations, they are a major historic element in the modern landscape and their considerable variation of form and longevity as a monument type provide important information on the diversity of beliefs and social organisations amongst early prehistoric communities. They are particularly representative of their period and a substantial proportion of surviving examples are considered worthy of protection. Although Bee Low bowl barrow has been disturbed by excavation, further significant archaeological remains will survive in the unexcavated areas of the monument and on the old land surface underneath. DETAILS Bee Low bowl barrow is a roughly circular barrow situated in the central uplands of the limestone plateau of Derbyshire. The monument includes a 1.5m high mound with a diameter of 16m. Partial excavations carried out by Thomas Bateman in 1843 and 1851, and by Marsden in the late 1960s, have revealed the remains of eleven human burials of adults and children, most of which were crouched inhumations but some of which were cremations. The primary burial was a cremation laid on a flat stone at the centre of the mound adjacent to a barbed and tanged flint arrowhead. Several of the secondary burials were laid in rock-cut graves or cists formed of limestone slabs, one of which was covered by a paved chert ceiling. In addition to the crouched skeleton, the latter grave contained a flint knife and a decorated clay drinking vessel. This and other similar vessels assign the barrow to the Beaker period or Early Bronze Age, and this date is supported by other Bronze Age artefacts which, in addition to flint implements, include a number of Bronze pins. Also found, on the old land surface beneath the barrow, was a Neolithic polished stone axe and a pointed arrowhead of a similar date. These earlier artefacts are likely to be residual remains contained in the material used to build the barrow. The boundary walls and fencing crossing the edges of the monument are excluded from the scheduling although the ground underneath these features is included. SELECTED SOURCES Book Reference - Author: Abercromby, J. - Title: Bronze Age Pottery - Date: 1912 - Volume: 1 - Page References: 56,88 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Fig. 52 Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, J. - Title: The Peak District Barrow Survey - Date: 1989 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Site 8;13 Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, J. - Title: The Peak District Barrow Survey - Date: 1989 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED - Description: Site 8;13 Book Reference - Author: Bateman, T. - Title: Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire - Date: 1848 - Page References: 35 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Bateman, Thomas - Title: Ten Years Diggings in Celtic and Saxon Grave-Hills (1861) - Date: 1861 - Page References: 71-4 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Clarke, D.L.. - Title: Beaker Pottery of Great Britain and Ireland - Page References: 383,478 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden B - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire (1977) - Date: 1977 - Page References: 102 - Type: DESC TEXT Article Reference - Author: Marsden, B. - Title: The Excavation of the Bee Low Round Cairn, Youlgreave, Derbys. - Date: 1970 - Journal Title: Antiquaries Journal - Type: DESC TEXT