Scheduled Monument: CAIRNFIELD ON BEELEY MOOR, EAST OF HELL BANK PLANTATION (1019483)

REASONS FOR DESIGNATION The East Moors in Derbyshire includes all the gritstone moors east of the River Derwent. It covers an area of 105 sq km, of which around 63% is open moorland and 37% is enclosed. As a result of recent and on-going archaeological survey, the East Moors area is becoming one of the best recorded upland areas in England. On the enclosed land the archaeological remains are fragmentary, but survive sufficiently well to show that early human activity extended beyond the confines of the open moors. On the open moors there is significant and well-articulated evidence over extensive areas for human exploitation of the gritstone uplands from the Neolithic to the post-medieval periods. Bronze Age activity accounts for the most intensive use of the moorlands. Evidence for it includes some of the largest and best preserved field systems and cairnfields in northern England as well as settlement sites, numerous burial monuments, stone circles and other ceremonial remains which, together, provide a detailed insight into life in the Bronze Age. Also of importance is the well preserved and often visible relationship between the remains of earlier and later periods since this provides an insight into successive changes in land use through time. A large number of the prehistoric sites on the moors, because of their rarity in a national context, excellent state of preservation and inter-connections, will be identified as nationally important. Cairnfields are concentrations of cairns sited in close proximity to one another. They often consist largely of clearance cairns, built with stone cleared from the surrounding land surface to improve its use for agriculture and on occasions their distribution pattern can be seen to define field plots. Occasionally, some of the cairns were used for funerary purposes although without excavation it is difficult to determine which cairns contain burials. Clearance cairns were constructed from the Neolithic period (from c.3,400 BC) although the majority date from the Bronze Age (2,000-700 BC). Cairnfields can also retain information concerning the development of land use and agricultural practices as well as the diversity of beliefs and social organisation during the prehistoric period. The cairnfield on Beeley Moor, east of Hell Bank Plantation, contains complete examples of small cairns. As such, they are important to our understanding of prehistoric agricultural and ceremonial use of this moorland. DETAILS The monument includes a small prehistoric cairnfield comprising at least six cairns. The cairnfield occupies an area of moorland on a ridge beneath a west-facing escarpment. It comprises a compact group of cairns ranging from between approximately 1.5m to 2.5m in diameter. They are arranged as two clusters of at least three cairns each amid stone-cleared ground. The cairns are complete examples and more features will survive below ground under an accumulation of peat and turf. The cairns may be the result of agricultural clearance from the surrounding area to provide better farmland. Their relatively uniform size and form indicates that, if agricultural in origin, they may be the result of a single episode of land utilisation. The cairnfield may, however, be funerary in function forming a discrete cairn cemetery. The cairnfield is indicative of prehistoric settlement dating to the Bronze Age. Further settlement evidence also survives on the same area of moorland to the north west and to the south. SELECTED SOURCES Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, J. W. - Title: Chatsworth Moorlands Archaeological Survey 1997-8 - Date: 1998 - Page References: 135 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: unpublished survey report Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, J. W. - Title: Chatsworth Moorlands Archaeological Survey 1997-8 - Date: 1998 - Page References: 135 - Type: PLAN: SKETCH - Description: unpublished survey report