Scheduled Monument: COW LOW BOWL BARROW (TUNSTEAD QUARRY) (1017541)

REASONS FOR DESIGNATION Bowl barrows, the most numerous form of round barrow, are funerary monuments dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Late Bronze Age, with most examples belonging to the period 2400-1500 BC. They were constructed as earthen or rubble mounds, sometimes ditched, which covered single or multiple burials. They occur either in isolation or grouped as cemeteries and often acted as a focus for burials in later periods. Often superficially similar, although differing widely in size, they exhibit regional variations in form and a diversity of burial practices. There are over 10,000 surviving bowl barrows recorded nationally (many more have already been destroyed), occurring across most of lowland Britain. Often occupying prominent locations, they are a major historic element in the modern landscape and their considerable variation of form and longevity as a monument type provide important information on the diversity of beliefs and social organisations amongst early prehistoric communities. They are particularly representative of their period and a substantial proportion of surviving examples are considered worthy of protection. Although disturbed by excavation, much of Cow Low bowl barrow (Tunstead Quarry) remains intact and retains significant intact archaeological remains. DETAILS Cow Low bowl barrow (Tunstead Quarry) is a sub-circular barrow situated north of Wye Dale on the limestone plateau of Derbyshire. The monument includes a mound measuring 29m by 25m and standing 1.7m high. This has been slightly disturbed on the northern and south-eastern edges by quarrying and has a small hollow in the top believed to have resulted from a minor excavation carried out prior to 1811 when human bones and `ancient implements' were found. The barrow is also the site of important finds made during a partial excavation by Thomas Bateman in 1846. These included a primary crouched female skeleton covered by a large flat stone and lying on a layer of burnt bones containing horse teeth, part of a dog's skull and a bone pin. Above the skeleton were found the jumbled bones of five more interments and, above those, a small cist containing a crouched female skeleton with two jet necklaces. Above this two more crouched skeletons were found, one on top of the other, inside a hexagonal cist, the lower accompanied by a food vessel. A scattered cremation lay above this cist and an intrusive Anglian burial, dating to c.AD700, was found near to the surface. The earlier remains indicate that the barrow dates to the Bronze Age and had an extended period of use throughout that period. Accompanying the Anglian inhumation were a glass vessel, a pin and chain, a blue glass bead and a silver necklace, a hinged wooden box and other implements including a comb and fragments of iron. The barrow also lies within a relict landscape which includes Romano-British field boundaries and settlement sites. Excluded from the scheduling are the drystone walls crossing the monument but the ground underneath is included. SELECTED SOURCES Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, J - Title: The Peak District Barrow Survey (1989) - Date: 1989 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, J - Title: The Peak District Barrow Survey (1989) - Date: 1989 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED Book Reference - Author: Bateman, T. - Title: Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire - Date: 1848 - Page References: 91-95 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Jewitt A - Title: History of Buxton - Date: 1811 - Page References: 81 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden B - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire (1977) - Date: 1977 - Page References: 41-2 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Meaney A - Title: Gazetteer of Early Saxon Burials - Date: 1964 - Page References: 74-5 - Type: DESC TEXT Article Reference - Author: Fowler M J - Title: Anglian Settlement of the Peak - Date: 1954 - Journal Title: Derbyshire Archaeological Journal - Volume: 74 - Page References: 134-151 - Type: DESC TEXT Article Reference - Author: Fowler M J - Title: The Transition from Late Neolithic to Early BrA in the PK Dist. - Date: 1954 - Journal Title: Derbyshire Archaeological Journal - Volume: 74 - Type: DESC TEXT Article Reference - Author: Manby T G - Title: Food Vessels of the Peak District (1957) - Date: 1957 - Journal Title: Derbyshire Archaeological Journal - Volume: 77 - Page References: 1-29 - Type: DESC TEXT