Listed Building record MDR5129 - Clay Cross Tunnel (North Portal), North Midlands Railway
Type and Period (1)
- RAILWAY TUNNEL PORTAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
Protected Status/Designation
Full Description
North Portal to Clay Cross Railway Tunnel, Brassington Street. Listed building, Grade II. Railway tunnel entrance. 1838-40 by George Stephenson. Rock-faced stone and ashlar. Two tapering octagonal towers with sloping ashlar bases. Moulded stringcourses to tops of base, and tower. Slit and arrow windows to towers. Above, castellated embattlements. Between, large elliptical arch with rounded mouldings. Above, projecting castellated parapets on moulded corbels. Tunnel opened as part of North Midlands Railway in 1840. (1)
North portal of Clay Cross tunnel built by George Stephenson in the style of a medieval castle gatehouse, with a central portion flanked by octagonal towers with castellated tops. Brick-built in 1839, the tunnel was bricklined in 1884. (3, 5)
On August 22nd 1839, it was reported that the whole of the excavations were now complete in the Clay Cross Tunnel, where the last brick was laid on 18th of December 1839. During December, efforts were made to complete a single line of rails for Stephenson's Coke Ovens at Clay Cross to Whittington and Derby, supplied to the North Midland Railway (NMR). With the opening of the NMR line, there marked a change in the pattern of long distance road passenger traffic- four daily coaches from Chesterfield to London and the three to Derby and Birmingham had all but disappeared by 1846, and the coach to Manchester no longer ran. In December 1841 the directors of the NMR decided to reduce the fare from Sheffield to various stations north and south of the city, however the number of coaches to Sheffield had falled from seven to three. (7)
Sources/Archives (7)
- <1> SDR5468 Bibliographic reference: DOE(HHR) Dist of NE Derby Clay Cross Aug 1984 11.
- <2> SDR10935 Index: North Derbyshire Archaeological Trust (NDAT). North Derbyshire Archaeological Trust Index: 0734. 0734.
- <3> SDR18918 Unpublished document: County Treasure Recording Form. 11.1, with photo.
- <4> SDR19335 Photograph: Various sources. SMR Slide Collection.
- <5> SDR19111 Index: Council for British Archaeology (CBA). CBA Industrial Archaeology Report Card. Railway tunnel, Clay Cross.
- <6> SDR20128 Unpublished document: Meeke, J (WSP Environmental Ltd). 2006. Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment for the Biwater Redevelopment Area, Clay Cross, Derbyshire.
- <7> SDR23313 Bibliographic reference: Williams, C. 1980. Driving the Clay Cross Tunnel, navvies on the Derby/Leeds Railway.
Map
Location
| Grid reference | Centred SK 3971 6422 (24m by 19m) Centre |
|---|---|
| Civil Parish | CLAY CROSS, NORTH EAST DERBYSHIRE, DERBYSHIRE |
Related Monuments/Buildings (0)
Related Events/Activities (1)
- EDR2395
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Record last edited
Jan 17 2024 1:10AM