Scheduled Monument: CAIRN ON BAMFORD MOOR, 960M NORTH EAST OF CLOUGH HOUSE (1018218)

REASONS FOR DESIGNATION The East Moors in Derbyshire includes all the gritstone moors east of the River Derwent. It covers an area of 105 sq km, of which around 63% is open moorland and 37% is enclosed. As a result of recent and on-going archaeological survey, the East Moors area is becoming one of the best recorded upland areas in England. On the enclosed land the archaeological remains are fragmentary, but survive sufficiently well to show that early human activity extended beyond the confines of the open moors. On the open moors there is significant and well-articulated evidence over extensive areas for human exploitation of the gritstone uplands from the Neolithic to the post-medieval periods. Bronze Age activity accounts for the most intensive use of the moorlands. Evidence for it includes some of the largest and best preserved field systems and cairnfields in northern England as well settlement sites, numerous burial monuments, stone circles and other ceremonial remains which, together, provide a detailed insight into life in the Bronze Age. Also of importance is the well preserved and often visible relationship between the remains of earlier and later periods since this provides an insight into successive changes in land use through time. A large number of the prehistoric sites on the moors, because of their rarity in a national context, excellent state of preservation and inter-connections, will be identified as nationally important. Round cairns are prehistoric funerary monuments dating to the Bronze Age (c. 2000-700 BC). They were constructed as stone mounds covering single or multiple burials which were often placed within the mound in stone-lined compartments called cists. Often occupying prominent locations, cairns are a major visual element in the modern landscape. They are a relatively common feature in the uplands and are the stone equivalent of the earthen round barrows of the lowlands. Their considerable variation in form and longevity as a monument type provide important information on the diversity of beliefs and social organisation amongst prehistoric communities. The cairn on Bamford Moor, 960m north east of Clough House is important because of its structural complexity and the potential for the survival of buried remains. DETAILS The monument includes the remains of a prehistoric cairn located on a ridge of land facing south east. The cairn has been disturbed at its centre although much of the mound still survives, including evidence for a stone kerb. It forms one of a small group of dispersed larger cairns on Bamford Moor and is dated to the Bronze Age. The cairn measures 10.5m by 9.5m and stands approximately 0.35m high. Its centre has been robbed of stone, giving it an appearance similar to a ring cairn. There is no recorded excavation of the cairn and it is likely that stone was removed for wall building nearby. The cairn includes several low orthostats (upright boulders) in its construction which appear to be the vestiges of a carefully constructed stone kerb, a characteristic feature of funerary cairns in the Peak District. The cairn is also large in comparison to those associated with prehistoric field systems in the area and, given its relatively isolated and prominent position and evidence for a complex structure, indicates that its function was ceremonial. SELECTED SOURCES Unpublished Title Reference - Author: Barnatt, J W - Title: Peak District Barrow Survey - Date: 1989 - Page References: 28:6 - Description: unpublished survey Article Reference - Author: Barnatt, J. W. - Title: Bronze Age Remains on the East Moors of Derbyshire - Date: 1986 - Journal Title: Derbyshire Archaeological journal - Volume: 106 - Page References: 26-7 - Type: DESC TEXT