Scheduled Monument: BRONZE AGE BURIAL, CEREMONIAL AND SETTLEMENT REMAINS ON STANTON MOOR, AND EVIDENCE FOR MEDIEVAL, POST MEDIEVAL AND 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY ACTIVITY (1009300)

REASONS FOR DESIGNATION The East Moors is a region of the gritstone moorlands of the Peak District which includes all the moors east of the River Derwent lying south of the A57 `Snake Pass' road and north of the B5057 road from Chesterfield. It covers an area of 105 square kilometres of which approximately 63% is open moorland and 37% is intake. It excludes the moors extending northward from the A57, which are largely peat-covered and contain only a small number of recorded sites. It includes, however, two moors west of the Derwent: Stanton Moor and Eyam Moor. These two areas are the only gritstone moors west of the river to remain unenclosed. Due to recent and on going detailed archaeological surveys, the East Moors area is becoming one of the best recorded upland regions in the country. In the intake, archaeological remains are fragmentary but survive sufficiently well to show that human activity extended beyond the present confines of the open moors. In the open moors, extensive relict landscapes provide direct evidence for human exploitation of the gritstone uplands from the Neolithic to the post-medieval periods. Bronze Age activity accounts for by far the most extensive utilisation of these moorlands so far identified. Evidence for it includes some of the largest and best-preserved field systems and cairnfields in northern England as well as numerous burial monuments, stone circles and other ceremonial and settlement remains which, together, provide a detailed insight into life in the Bronze Age. Also of importance is the well-preserved and often visible relationship between the remains of earlier and later periods since this provides a significant insight into successive changes in land use through time. This is particularly relevant to Stanton Moor which, unlike the majority of the East Moors group, has been subject to intensive land use within the last two hundred years. This activity, the creation of the Stanton Moor Plantation in the early 19th century and its subsequent clear-felling a hundred years later, has removed some of the visible evidence for earlier exploitation but archaeological remains nevertheless survive not only as upstanding monuments but as buried features within the archaeologically sensitive areas between them. The moor retains a great wealth and diversity of archaeological remains which provide evidence of human activity from the Bronze Age to the recent past and include a number of prehistoric monument types which have only recently been identified as occurring in the Peak District. In addition, the pattern of continuing and changing land use illustrated by its multi-period remains are an important indicator of settlement and land use on those gritstone moors west of the River Derwent which were enclosed at the turn of the 19th century and no longer retain extensive archaeological remains. DETAILS Stanton Moor is a discrete area of moorland lying at 280m-322m OD on the south west edge of the eastern gritstone moors of the Peak District. The most important remains on the moor are those of prehistoric date. However, the monument also includes a variety of features from several other periods. Broadly the remains can be categorised as Bronze Age burial, ceremonial and settlement remains, medieval, post-medieval and early 19th century fields, numerous hollow ways and other tracks which date from the medieval to the modern period, widespread evidence of stone-working and stone and sand extraction, and, lastly, earthworks relating to 19th century afforestation and early 20th century woodland clearance. None of these features exists in isolation. Together they reflect a continuing and changing pattern of land use in which the later phases are superimposed on the earlier. Further evidence of prehistoric and later land use is likely to have been destroyed by extensive modern quarrying of the west and south edges of the moor and it is also believed that Bronze Age activity would have extended onto the lower shelves of the moor on its north and east sides. These areas have been enclosed and under pasture since c.1800 and, although prehistoric remains may survive here as buried features, they have not been included in the scheduling as the extent and state of preservation of the remains is not sufficiently understood. The monument is therefore currently defined on its east side by the natural edge of the precipitous east-facing slope of the moor, on its west side by the quarry edge, and elsewhere by a combination of modern field walls, quarried and natural edges, topographical features and trackways. At its south west corner the monument extends as far as the Birchover Road and includes the sites of the early 20th century sawmill and part of the light railway which served it. Numerous investigations of the archaeological monuments on Stanton Moor have been carried out, all except the most recent concentrating largely on the prehistoric remains. The most notable include the late 18th century delves and commentaries of such antiquarians as the Reverend Pegge and Major Hayman Rooke, the excavations of prehistoric cairns and other features by J P and J C Heathcote in the 1930s and 1940s, the surveys of L Butcher in the 1960s and C R Hart and J Barnatt in the 1980s, and, latterly, the full measured survey carried out in 1986 and 1987 by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME). This was the first investigation to make full note of the effects of later land use on the Bronze Age remains and also the effects of the Heathcotes' methods of excavation and reconstruction on the physical form of the monuments they investigated. The latter is important to the understanding of the Bronze Age remains on Stanton Moor and requires explanation. The Heathcotes believed that all prehistoric monuments on the moor would be constructed along the same lines as the burial cairn T2, which was the first cairn excavated by them. That is, they expected each monument to be defined by a kerb of large stones and filled in by a heap of smaller loose stones which would cover any burial deposits. Consequently, they would begin their excavation by digging a narrow trench round the presumed edge of the monument in order to locate a kerb. Next they removed the cairn material from within the supposed kerb, placed it in a ring outside their delineation trench and searched the exposed land surface for burial and other remains. Then they reused some of the original cairn material to rebuild the monument, leaving the remainder as a bank of spoil round the outside. RCHME has noted 56 examples of cairns excavated this way. Characteristically, their remains comprise a central mound, partially or wholly circumscribed by a narrow trench which is flanked on the outside by low bands of spoil. Before it was recognised that the current form of these monuments was a direct result of Heathcote interference, it was thought that a variety of exotic forms of prehistoric burial monument existed on Stanton Moor, descriptions of which appear in the archaeological literature. Now it is generally accepted that there is little evidence for exotic cairn forms on the moor and that the predominant type of prehistoric burial monument was probably the hemispherical round cairn together with a number of variants on that basic shape, including oval, egg-shaped and sub-rectangular. However, notwithstanding the above, it should not be automatically assumed that every Heathcote reconstruction is entirely fanciful. It is likely that at least some of their rebuilt structures were intended to illustrate features uncovered during excavation. However, due to a lack of excavation records, this cannot now be verified. The Bronze Age burial and ceremonial monuments on the moor include three embanked stone circles, two ringcairns and a possible third ringcairn, a standing stone and over 120 cairns varying between c.2m and c.20m in diameter. In addition to a number of proven or probable burial cairns, the latter group includes many cairns which, at this time, cannot be classed with certainty as funerary monuments because they have not been excavated. Some of these lie close to, or are incorporated within, areas which were cleared of stone in the Bronze Age to create fields and may be thought of as clearance cairns. However, this does not preclude a burial function since several proven burial cairns have also been found within cairnfields and banks of linear stone clearance. In addition to both inhumed and cremated human bone, finds which date the burial cairns to the Bronze Age include bronze and flint implements, quartz pebbles, personal ornaments and Bronze Age ceramics such as collared urns and pygmy cups. Two of the largest cairns, referred to as T2 and T57 after the numbering system devised by J P Heathcote, have yielded fragments of pottery food vessels. Together with the cairn T55, these cairns are of a similar size, substantial form and topographically prominent location, suggesting that they may be broadly contemporary. T2 and T55, together with the ring cairn T56 and the embanked stone circles T43, T61 and Nine Ladies, are thought by Barnatt to form a deliberate, if somewhat ragged, SSW-NNE alignment along the spine of the moor and, prior to its afforestation, may have been intervisible. This probable alignment may also have extended southwards to incorporate the cairn cemetery on the south edge of the moor which includes a line of three small cairns which also share a SSW-NNE alignment. Close to Nine Ladies stone circle is the standing stone called the King Stone which is now known to stand inside a previously unrecognised ring cairn which may also have formed part of the alignment. Other cairns scattered throughout the moor, sometimes singly and sometimes in pairs, groups and lines, indicate that the area was in use over a long period during the Bronze Age and some examples display evidence of multi-phase construction. These include conjoined cairns in which two or more individual but closely spaced cairns have, at some later date, been covered over to create an apparently single long cairn. The most notable of these is the so-called `triple cairn' comprising cairns T44, T45 and T46. This unusual type of funerary monument has also been noted on Beeley Moor, which is also part of the East Moors of the Peak District. Until recently, Stanton Moor was sometimes referred to by archaeologists as a Bronze Age `necropolis' because, despite the many burial and ceremonial monuments, there seemed to be no evidence of settlement. This is now contradicted by new evidence brought to light by the RCHME survey. The survey notes the existence of scooped floors which, on Dartmoor and in the northern border counties, have been identified as platforms associated with Bronze Age timber houses. Between two and three such house stances have been recorded on Stanton Moor and their locations, near the north west and eastern edges of the moor, suggest that further examples may have existed on the lower shelves where, in some instances, they may have been quarried away. In both cases, the house sites are located close to areas of Bronze Age stone clearance. These areas, identified by groups of strings of cairns and stony banks laid out in rough grids, represent the remains of Bronze Age coaxial field systems. Another cairnfield on the north east edge of the moor, together with several isolated examples of linear clearance throughout the moor, indicate that, in the Bronze Age, the Stanton Moor area was extensively farmed. It is possible that it was occupied by a single large coaxial field system. However, much of the visible evidence for this has been disturbed by later land use leaving only the isolated portions discernible today. The field system in the north west area of the moor includes evidence of two phases of Bronze Age stone clearance. The earlier is represented by clearance cairns and the later by lines of linear clearance which, together, form a group of at least five small rectilinear fields. These Bronze Age fields are, in turn, overlain by a second phase of rubble banking which is different in form from the first, being deliberately revetted and consolidated. This banking is probably medieval though it may, alternatively, be pre-medieval or early post-medieval. Overlying it are traces of drystone walls which date to the early 19th century and are roughly contemporary with a disused dewpond which has, in the past, been mistaken for a Bronze Age feature. These walls are associated with 1m wide plough striations that cross the earlier field boundaries and probably relate to Enclosure-period land improvement, possibly preparatory works for 19th century afforestation. Further medieval and post- medieval enclosures exist on the north and south sides of the moor. In the latter case, the field again partially overlies Bronze Age clearance features and burial cairns and has been mistaken for a prehistoric field in the past. Another manifestation of continuing and changing land use on Stanton Moor since the Bronze Age is the existence of numerous quarries and surface delves related to both stone and sand extraction. With two exceptions, the larger gritstone quarries which have bitten into the edges of the moor are not included in the scheduling. The exceptions are associated with the remains of quarry-related buildings and other archaeologically important features. Stone-getting on the moor is documented from the later 16th century for door, window and quoin stones and is probably much older. Hart suggests a late Roman or medieval date for some of the quernstone roughouts found during his survey. Consequences of stone-getting activity are the existence of millstone fragments and roughouts, large numbers of surface scoops and spoil heaps, the partial and total robbing of some prehistoric cairns and the disturbance of others by partial clearance and restacking. Some spoil heaps have been misinterpreted as Bronze Age cairns in the past and three apparent standing stones which are too unweathered to be prehistoric are thought by RCHME to be stones levered upright by quarrymen and then abandoned without further working. In addition, there are a number of rocks on the eastern edge of the moor which bear high quality inscriptions interpreted as quarrymen's graffiti. These include two examples referred to by J P Heathcote as the `Duchess of Sutherland Stone' and the `Duke of York Stone'. Another possible example occurs on the King Stone. The moor is also criss-crossed by a network of paths, hollow ways, packhorse routes and `rides' of medieval to modern date. Except in a small number of cases, which appear to be quarry-related, the tracks characteristically respect the prehistoric monuments, a phenomenon which helps to show that these monuments are genuinely prehistoric even when they have not been excavated. In such cases the prehistoric monuments were probably used as waymarkers by travellers crossing the moor. Among the more modern tracks are three `rides', recorded on the OS map of 1897 and thought to have been scenic drives dating to the 18th century when the moor was part of the Rutland Estate. The easternmost is known as Duke's Drive and is only one of several `Duke's Drives on the gritstone uplands of the Peak District, all of which are attributable either to the Dukes of Rutland or to the Dukes of Devonshire. The westernmost ride passes along the spine of the moor, following the line of the major prehistoric monuments T2, T43, T55, T56 and Nine Ladies. All three rides are presently used by walkers. The most pervasive activity to have left its mark on the moor is afforestation. The Stanton Moor Plantation was first planted in the early 19th century and, by the early 20th century, the area was effectively covered with fir, larch, oak and Spanish chestnut. This is illustrated by the OS maps of 1897 which depicts the moor as forest. Furrows related to tree planting have been recorded in several areas by RCHME and many early features contain holes left by the removal of tree roots while others retain in situ tree stumps. RCHME have also noted a number of extensive but previously unrecorded linear earthworks which comprise strings of sharp-sided pits, less than 2m wide by 1m deep, flanking narrow flattened causeways. Usually formed of earth and sand, these causeways average 1.5m wide by 0.2m-0.3m high and, in some places, are continued by terraces cut into the slope of the moor. Although there is no direct confirmation from records, the testimonies of local residents and circumstantial evidence from contemporary military archives have led RCHME to interpret the earthworks as the remains of an animal-hauled narrow-gauge light railway for which the pits were a source of ballast. The railway was built during World War I to facilitate the shipment of felled timber at a time when timber was needed for the trenches and its supply from Britain was coordinated by the Home Grown Timber Committee and later by the Board of Trade Timber Control. Most of the work of felling and shipment was carried out by the Women's Forestry Corps under the direction of the Canadian Forestry Corps, a unit of the Canadian Army. The deforestation of Stanton Moor may have been carried out by No.132 Company of the Canadian Forestry Corps which is known to have been stationed at nearby Rowsley in late 1918. The OS map of 1919 confirms that massive clearance of woodland had been carried out by this time and further clearance is believed to have been the work of a local company after the war. Two main railway lines and several branch lines appear to have existed, including one which followed the `middle ride', one of the three 18th century tracks noted above. The longest single section of track crossed the moor from south west to north east, beginning at the sawmill next to the Birchover Road and ending south of the Reform Tower on the north east edge of the moor. The ground slopes steeply up from the sawmill and a line of earthfast stones flanking the track bear multiple grooves indicating the use of a cable brake along this section, which ran between the sawmill and a terminus 40m uphill to the east. The site of the sawmill is today represented by a small earthwork complex in the same position as a building depicted on the OS 1920 map but missing from the map of 1897. It is not known when the railway was dismantled but it is likely to have been before 1930 when the Heathcote investigations began. The Nine Ladies embanked stone circle and the King Stone are in the guardianship of the Secretary of State. The OS trig point at the highest point of the moor is included in the scheduling. Lying within the area of the scheduling but excluded from the scheduling is the Reform Tower which occupies a spur of the precipitous north east face of the moor overlooking the Derwent valley. The tower is a square gritstone structure, built in 1832 by the Thornhill family to commemorate Earl Grey, and is a Grade II Listed Building. All modern fencing is also excluded from the scheduling. The ground beneath the tower and the modern fencing is included in the scheduling. SELECTED SOURCES Book Reference - Title: The Reform Tower, Stanton Moor - Type: LIST - Description: DOE 354/5/48 Book Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:1000 Survey - Date: 1986 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED - Description: With text Book Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:1000 Survey - Date: 1986 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED - Description: With text Book Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:1000 Survey - Date: 1986 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: With text Book Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:1000 Survey - Date: 1987 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Described but not depicted on survey Book Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:1000 Survey - Date: 1987 - Type: MAP - Description: With text Book Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:1000 Survey - Date: 1987 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED - Description: With text Book Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:1000 Survey - Date: 1987 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED - Description: Without text Book Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:1000 Survey of Stanton Moor - Date: 1987 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED - Description: With text Other Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:200 Survey - Date: 1986 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED - Description: With text Other Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: RCHME 1:200 Survey - Date: 1987 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED - Description: With text Book Reference - Author: Andrew, W.J. - Title: The Prehistoric Stone Circles - Date: 1907 - Journal Title: Memorials of Old Derbyshire - Page References: 70-82 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Andrew, W.J. - Title: The Prehistoric Stone Circles - Date: 1907 - Journal Title: Memorials of Old Derbyshire - Page References: 70-88 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Armitage, H. - Title: Early Man in Hallamshire - Date: 1939 - Page References: 212 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, John - Date: 1993 - Type: PERS COMM Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, John - Title: Stone Circles of the Peak - Date: 1978 - Page References: 146-148 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, John - Title: Stone Circles of the Peak - Date: 1978 - Page References: 143-146 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, John - Title: The Henges, Stone Circles and Ringcairns of the Peak District - Date: 1990 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Barnatt, John - Title: The Henges, Stone Circles and Ringcairns of the Peak District - Date: 1990 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Sheffield Archaeological Monograph I Book Reference - Author: Bateman, T. - Title: Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire - Date: 1848 - Page References: 23-24 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Bateman, T. - Title: Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire - Date: 1848 - Page References: 112 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Bateman, T. - Title: Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire - Date: 1848 - Page References: 100 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Bateman, T. - Title: Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire - Date: 1848 - Page References: 112 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Bateman, Thomas - Title: Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire - Date: 1848 - Page References: 22, 112 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: With sketch Book Reference - Author: Burl, H.A.W. - Title: The Stone Circles of the British Isles - Date: 1976 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Burl, H.A.W. - Title: The Stone Circles of the British Isles - Date: 1976 - Page References: 290-291 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Burl, H.A.W. - Title: The Stone Circles of the British Isles - Date: 1976 - Page References: 290-291 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: With survey Book Reference - Author: Butcher, L.H. - Title: Butcher Archive - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Sheffield City Museums Other Reference - Author: Everson, Paul - Title: Field Survey by RCHME....Stanton Moor - Date: 1989 - Journal Title: Midlands Prehistory...recent & current researches...central Eng. - Page References: 14-26 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR British Series 204 Other Reference - Author: Everson, Paul - Title: Field Survey by RCHME....Stanton Moor - Date: 1989 - Journal Title: Midlands Prehistory...recent & current researches...central Eng. - Page References: 14-16 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR British Series 204 Other Reference - Author: Everson, Paul - Title: Field Survey by RCHME....Stanton Moor - Date: 1989 - Journal Title: Midlands Prehistory...recent & current researches...central Eng. - Page References: 14-26 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR British Series 204 Other Reference - Author: Everson, Paul - Title: Field Survey by RCHME....Stanton Moor - Date: 1989 - Journal Title: Midlands Prehistory...recent & current researches...central Eng. - Page References: 14-26 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR British Series 204 Other Reference - Author: Everson, Paul - Title: Field Survey by RCHME....Stanton Moor - Date: 1989 - Journal Title: Midlands Prehistory...recent & current researches...central Eng. - Page References: 14-26 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR British Series 204 Book Reference - Author: Glover, S. - Title: The History, Gazetteer and Directory of the County of Derby - Date: 1829 - Page References: 282 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Harris, P.M. - Title: Bronze Age burial & settlement of the Stanton Moor area, Nth.Dbs - Date: 1975 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Unpubl. thesis, Univ. Sheffield Book Reference - Author: Harris, P.M. - Title: Bronze Age burial & settlement of the Stanton Moor area, Nth.Dbs - Date: 1975 - Page References: 22 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Unpublished thesis, Univ. Sheffield Book Reference - Author: Harris, P.M. - Title: Bronze Age burial & settlement of the Stanton Moor area, Nth.Dbs - Date: 1975 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Unpublished thesis, Univ. Sheffield Book Reference - Author: Harris, P.M. - Title: Bronze Age burial & settlement of the Stanton Moor area, Nth.Dbs - Date: 1975 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Unpuplished thesis, Univ. Sheffield Book Reference - Author: Hart, C.R. - Title: North Derbyshire Archaeological Survey - Date: 1984 - Page References: 58 - Type: PLAN: MEASURED Book Reference - Author: Hart, C.R. - Title: Stanton Moor Burial and Ceremonial Monuments - Date: 1985 - Page References: 77-110 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 143 Book Reference - Author: Hart, C.R. - Title: Stanton Moor, Derbyshire: Burial and Ceremonial - Date: 1985 - Page References: 77-110 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 143 Book Reference - Author: Hart, C.R. - Title: Stanton Moor, Derbyshire: Burial and Ceremonial Monuments - Date: 1980 - Page References: 77-110 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 143 Book Reference - Author: Hart, C.R. - Title: Stanton Moor, Derbyshire: Burial and Ceremonial Monuments - Date: 1985 - Page References: 77-110 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Hart, C.R. - Title: Stanton Moor, Derbyshire: Burial and Ceremonial Monuments - Date: 1985 - Page References: 77-110 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 143 Book Reference - Author: Hart, C.R. - Title: Stanton Moor, Derbyshire: Burial and Ceremonial Monuments - Date: 1985 - Page References: 77-110 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 143 Book Reference - Author: Hart, C.R. - Title: Stanton Moor, Derbyshire: Burial and Ceremonial Monuments - Date: 1985 - Page References: 77-110 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 143 (with plan) Book Reference - Author: Heathcote, J.P. - Date: 1961 - Journal Title: Archaeological Journal - Volume: 118 - Page References: 216 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Heathcote, J.P. - Title: Birchover: its prehistoric and druidical remains - Date: 1947 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Heathcote, J.P. - Title: Birchover: its prehistoric and druidical remains - Date: 1947 - Page References: 11 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Heathcote, J.P. - Title: Birchover: its prehistoric and druidical remains - Date: 1947 - Page References: 10 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Heathcote, J.P. - Title: Birchover: its prehistoric and druidical remains - Date: 1947 - Page References: 27 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Heathcote, J.P. - Title: Birchover: its prehistoric and druidical remains - Date: 1947 - Page References: 8 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Jewitt, Llewellyn - Title: Grave Mounds and their Contents - Date: 1870 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden, B. - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire - Date: 1986 - Page References: 80 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden, B. M. - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire - Date: 1986 - Page References: 78-79 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden, B.M. - Title: Discovering Regional Archaeology: Central England - Date: 1970 - Page References: 18 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden, B.M. - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire - Date: 1986 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden, B.M. - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire - Date: 1986 - Page References: 93 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden, B.M. - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire - Date: 1986 - Page References: 80 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden, B.M. - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire - Date: 1986 - Page References: 81 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Marsden, B.M. - Title: The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire - Date: 1986 - Page References: 74, 81 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Rhodes, E. - Title: Peak Scenery - Date: 1818 - Page References: 84 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: Part III Book Reference - Author: Thom, A., Thom, A.S. and Burl, H.A.W. - Title: Megalithic Rings - Date: 1980 - Page References: 17 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 81 Book Reference - Author: Thom, A., Thom, A.S., and Burl, H.A.W. - Title: Megalithic Rings - Date: 1980 - Page References: 17 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 81 Book Reference - Author: Thomas, N. - Title: A Guide to Prehistoric England - Date: 1960 - Page References: 71 - Type: DESC TEXT Book Reference - Author: Thomas, N. - Title: A Guide to Prehistoric England - Date: 1960 - Page References: 69 - Type: MAP Book Reference - Author: Vine, 1982 - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Page References: 228-229 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Page References: 230-231 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Page References: 76 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Page References: 234 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Page References: 227-228 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Page References: 232-233 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Page References: 233 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Book Reference - Author: Vine, P.M. - Title: The Neo. & Br.Age cultures of the Middle & Upper Trent Basin - Date: 1982 - Page References: 229 - Type: DESC TEXT - Description: BAR 105 Article Reference - Author: Ainsworth, Stewart - Title: A Light Railway on Stanton Moor, Derbyshire - Journal Title: Industrial Railway Record - Volume: 122 - Page References: 149-154 - Type: DESC TEXT Article Reference - Author: Barnatt, John - Title: Bronze Age Remains on the East Moors of the Peak District - Date: 1986 - Journal Title: Derbyahire Archaeological Journal - Volume: 106 - Page References: 18-100 - Type: DESC TEXT